Propaganda has been a powerful tool used throughout history. But how does it really work? And is it only used to trick people into believing certain things? When we hear about it, do we think only about past historic events or can we think of an example of seeing propaganda in today’s world?
Propaganda can be spread through books, movies, images, and other sources that reach mass audiences. Its primary goal is to change people’s views and opinions. After important events that changed the world’s history, propaganda started to carry a rather negative connotation. But it can also be used to spread positive messages and embrace necessary changes.
Bored Panda has already covered the topic by presenting these propaganda posters about the COVID-19 crisis. The pictures depict very recent events, so it’s no trouble for people to understand what is the hidden meaning behind them. But what about some of the older propaganda images? Are we able to decipher those?
A subreddit called PropagandaPosters with 415k members shares various posters and pamphlets that show how propaganda was spread during various periods of time. These images depict and help to understand some historical events better with their symbolic drawings, call-to-action messages, and well-portrayed stereotypes. Which one of these do you find the most influential? Leave your thoughts in the comments down below!
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It almost made me think it was a modern in retro style
Load More Replies...This Restaurant Serves Only One Person (Russian: В этом ресторане обслуживают только одну персону) is a 1953 caricature by Yuliy Ganf (Юлий Ганф) that appeared in the Soviet magazine, Krokodil.
I like that the sciences person is a woman. Very sad cartoon though
One of the most decorated veterans of the early 1900's, Major General Smedley D. Butler, said "War is a racket. It always has been. It is possibly the oldest, easily the most profitable, surely the most vicious. It is the only one international in scope. It is the only one in which the profits are reckoned in dollars and the losses in lives".
At least an immigrant is delivering the message.
Load More Replies...I remembered listening to a rerun of a Superman radio broadcast from the 40's. Even then, it included a PSA about racial inclusion.
After WWII, Superman needed a new enemy - and the Superman radio show was instrumental in exposing the KKK. Imagine that - those knuckle-draggers got owned by somebody who doesn't even exist!
Load More Replies...Because, though through no fault of his own, technically Superman is an illegal alien. But he was raised American and should be allowed to stay. And that is a lesson he would teach.
Is Superman American? Did he apply for citizenship? Isn't he a Kryptonian?
Yeah this is NOT what I was expecting from the 1950s. But cool!! Of course, they're all white in the poster, so... ???
Batman appeared in a similar campaign (although this one was presented as a full comic page, rather than a poster): https://cacb.wordpress.com/2008/11/28/batman-rallies-against-racism/ And---when they weren't indulging in wartime jingoism---the Justice Society would frequently point out that "liberty and justice for all" meant *everyone.* So when some comics historian tries to defend Ebony White or other hideous racist depiction as "a product of its time," remember: the people doing it KNEW it was wrong; there just usually weren't enough decent people with backbones willing to OPPOSE it.
What are sexual preferences has to do with serving your country? One of my very good friends who served 16 years in the Army ( who is gay by the way) said to me one, " I am here to protect my country and not to f**k around, it is no one business whom I prefer and how".
Not talking about a social issue usually doesn't help to progress equality
Load More Replies...Exactly - when the civilized person harps on the horrible things uncivilized people do, the pot calls the kettle black.
Load More Replies...Victorian Britain in a nutshell. And I am British and I am so ashamed of my country's history.
A lot of whataboutisn here... don't forget that without western "help" the current communist regime would never be at the power. At that time of the picture the chinese were ruled by the kuomintang, the party in power in Taiwan
Ever heard of the nuremberg code ? At the end of WWII, nazis doctors were judged, found guilty and hanged because they had forced people to take experimental medications. In the 40's, the smallpox vaccine was tested since long ago and was no more experimental. That is not the case with the current COVID vaccines who are still under tests.
Except small pox is horrific, and the vaccine stopped it in it's tracks. Covid isn't anywhere near as bad, and the vaccine doesn't stop you getting it or spreading it. Also, the rich didn't get to ignore smallpox and carry on flying around the world while average people were kept under house arrest
People don't know history they will repeat it. We need better education system obviously
have you noticed that the only responses from those following the narrative are insults... because they are that brainwashed they have nothing of value to add so they try to undermine another person's belief. Quite pathetic behaviour really
And yet in the U.S., the powers that be still discriminate against blood from men who have sex with men. It's ridiculous. All blood is tested. It's an unscientific stigma that dates back 40 years.
I was under the impression that the tests were not 100% effective, especially with recent infections.
Load More Replies...Well the fact that this had to be declared points to the ignorance and fear tied to segregation. Sigh...
When I was very little my older sister had an African American friend... This is like 1969, liberal Jewish parents. I remember crying because I thought her skin was so much better looking than the one I was stuck with and it didn't seem fair that she was a beautiful brown and I was a sort of a yellow tan. Now that I'm a grandpa I'm proud to have raised my kids knowing "race" is an economic invention, not reality. People are people.
Blood is blood. Though vampires can probably taste the difference in diets. But they sure don't care about the color of the container.
It’s not the color you should be hung up on (liberals always are) but the way that DNA expresses itself, which DOES matter to science and society. What a cheap ploy to generalize and simplify the complex issue of blood and inheritance. You could have a host-slapping Will Smith or all white civilisation that had contributed then most most to the world. Get the eff outta here with that.
Yes, but please, never ever forget of blood types and histocompatibily complex.
The whole point of Washington DC was for it to be the hub of government. It was never meant to be residential and its been blatantly clear for over 200 years what the limitations are.
Load More Replies...I thought it was going to be about immigration. Did you know we still deport illegals after allowing them to serve in our military?
It is ridiculous! And yup, that happens. The term though is undocumented immigrant. No human is illegal. We don't even call murderers illegals. It's a term uniquely used to fearmonger against immigrants.
Load More Replies...I understand the original intent of the Founders making the capitol not represented: as every elected representative lives there, at least while Congress is in session, that means that eventually the capitol would be the ONLY region represented in government (look at how the British Parliament at that time basically only represented London and the rest had to make do). But now given modern communication and travel resources, that needs to be reexamined.
But the senators and representatives have to count their home state as their legal residence, so even if they have a living space in DC they don't vote there.
Load More Replies...dc was never meant to be a state - as declared in the US Constitution...but, since when do corrupt politicians care
Yeah DC wasn't built to be a voting district as everyone lived there temporarily while serving their country.
Yes, and the city streets were designed for horse-drawn vehicles -- hence the traffic circles. Doesn't work so well 200 years on.
Load More Replies...This is really weird. In what other country do people living in the capital not get to vote?
Puerto Rico isn’t a state for a totally separate reason. Read a book.
Load More Replies...Actually the residential areas can just be given back to Virginia and Maryland (from which they came in the first place) and those people would have representation and a vote. Only the Federal building area need remain in DC. This is too small of a population to add two more Senators and a Representative.
Size of population is irrelevant. DC's population is larger than Wyoming and Vermont. And it's Alaska only have about 10,000 more citizens.
Load More Replies...The Soviet Union was horrible, but they clearly saw and pointed out our country's shortcomings.
Load More Replies...Let me rephrase... they know how to f**k with the ones in power, ie. J. Edgar Hoover
Load More Replies...I hate when Russians are right. Not that Russia/Soviet USSR was a warm fuzzy welcoming place, but that's not the point.
The level of racism in Russia was similar, and speaking as someone who grew up in the former USSR, they liked to point fingers at the US because they didn't want too many fingers pointed at them. Try being a Jew or a Romani in the USSR. Or any other ethnic minority.
Load More Replies...Not wrong still, land of the free, home of expensive education and healthcare, trapping it's citizens in crippling debt.
Having grown up behind the Iron Curtain and having lived in the US for a while as well, the thing that shook me was just how much of the propaganda about the "other", on both sides is actually true, because both sides had really bad parts they were desperately trying to hide.
umm... The pot calling the kettle black in this one SSR had far far FAR more prisoners because of their origin country.
I don't want to discuss the content, but the whole idea of this poster is really great and very creative.
Still relevant unit about 11:30 am on January 6th, 2021
Load More Replies...nothing has changed! Amerikan government has never been more corrupt and dangerous.
This artist hits it. Every. Time. No wonder they were our biggest enemy, we didn't want them blasting our truths like that.
These aren't all from the same artist, but most are from the same publication, Krokodil, a satirical journal that was known for biting commentary on both domestic and international issues. There is a great book out on Krokodil's cartoons by John Etty
Load More Replies...A propaganda tactic that's still used today, mainly by Russia and China whenever something happens in the US. For example the BLM riots last year. Also Fox and most Republicans' "what about Dems?" tactic to shift the focus...
Again, valid point. And yet, how did the Russians deal with the "others" in their country?
I agree this is a powerful image which has truth in it but the Soviets were almost as bad and continue to be just as bad.
This actually was truth. It’s not propaganda at all. No wonder they hated us
Meanwhile, USSR denied university access to children from annexed countries. Because they were possibly anti soviet
speaking of which some people are just overgeneralizing all Germans as Nazis. For example one of my (toxic-ex) friends tried to get me to quit taking German becuase she was Jewish and it "offended her family" like okay i get that Nazi Germany did a lot of bad s**t to your family and all, but so did america to african americans and most immagrents in general but theyre fine with speaking english and living in america and all that stuff bc its a different age and time so please just be reasonable. sorry i needed to rant
Load More Replies...Except the US actually imported a lot of Nazis to build rockets, space ships ect for us as well as deploying people like Klaus Barbie in South America against communists, so apparently Nazis were fine as long as they were useful
It's still true for neo-Nazis, e.g the Republican Party, every one of them.
I would prefer that they come to their senses and leave the extreme right. However, in 1945, they were at war and it was pretty much kill them or be killed.
Load More Replies...And today, the demonrat admin is bringing it back to full life in Amerika!
This is hilarious when you look at how the USSR treated their member countries/territories/republics to the south and east.
Just like anti-communist propaganda from the US at that time was also hilariously hypocritical
Load More Replies...Yeah yeah yeah we should be ashamed of our success and pat the countries on the back that can’t get their own c**p together. Nope! Send me back.
Meanwhile ALL produced goods in annexed countries were transferred to Moscow and small part of it were transferred back to consume. The F is going here with praising USSR????
The USSR didn't release propaganda about America, they released facts that are still true because they haven't changed a bit
This was a poster made in Russia and for Russians... not quite sure how they are supposed to "move to Russia". Your comment makes zero sense.
Load More Replies...It means that the person is poor and, as there isn't any social help, they'll die of poorness - not having a good home, enoigh to eat, good life conditions, money when getting old, etc. Healthcare is only a part of people care.
Load More Replies...considering that this is supposed to be propaganda, the Soviets seem to be hitting the mark
This is satire. It's from the satirical journal "Krokodil" and Soviet satire tended to be right on the nose
Load More Replies...This is from Krokodil and by legendary cartoonist Iulii Ganf. His work is great.
Isn't that an Einstein quote?: "I know not with what weapons World War III will be fought, but World War IV will be fought with sticks and stones"
perhaps Russia aren't the war mongering nation we are led to believe they are?...
I've heard it said the reason we never had a nuclear holocaust is because the Russians love their children as much as we love ours.
Load More Replies...I'm intrigued by the context of this. Was there a big anti-nuclear movement in the USSR in the 1970s? It seems like the kind of politics that would be discouraged by the government of the era (my knowledge of Russian history stops in 1946 and restarts in 1991).
Hey Jon, MA in East European Studies/Russian here. From my studies, the true anti nuclear movement didn't begin in Russia until after Chernobyl's demise in 1986. However, Russia had no nuclear power plants before the 1950's and experienced a large boom when they were being built. This did lead to groups that mocked the masses for not being on board with the country having nuclear capabilities. That is what this propaganda is doing; mocking the people that were against the nuclear plants
Load More Replies...How's this propaganda? I'm looking up the definition.
Most of these aren't propaganda at all, just posters of a somewhat political nature.
Load More Replies...entitled rich people...non federal bank...corrupt government...corrupt corporations....corrupt Amerika
Is this also your response to the child labor poster?
Load More Replies...I can't imagine the riots that would occur if this happened today. Too many selfish people now-a-days.
you had good example with the pandemic... toilet paper style...
Load More Replies...But I’m a billionaire I deserve the whole store so everyone else can starve, but they better show up to work Monday - Jeff Bezos, probably
Rationing is good idea to implement in a time of crisis ans it’s meant to be temporary but here in Cuba we’ve been rationing since 1962 with something called “la libreta de abastecimiento” and it’s a mess, really.
Good idea, but you couldn't even get people to mask up during this last pandemic. Those same people won't be ready to share anything else with anyone else.
Nothing has changed, really, and US foreign policies have always been pretty much the same in more than 200 years. Once you understand that, you don't need to have any more illusions about that country's governments claiming to play the world's policeman. And you can focus on more interesting topics such as history of American people, culture and art.
Load More Replies...“The nation won’t be safe until every citizen is armed.” - Republicans
And by "citizen" they mean only white, straight, wealthy, fundamentalist Protestant males.
Load More Replies...Yes, because this happens in only capitalistic countries.
Load More Replies...I think people are missing the point on this one. I think it's against child labor. Every child should learn a trade, the word "deaden" is shown on a coal mine pic. "If it merely makes money" is shown on kids in sweat shops. "Grinding the seed corn" means don't grind down what will be raised as the next generation.
This is anti child labor though. It says they should be laboring in schools, not factories etc. Don’t any of you people know how to read?
Yes, read and understand the concept of "laboring to better oneself" vs "laboring for the profit of others" as in the coal mine image. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_labour
Load More Replies...Food is taxed all over the world. But this is not about food, this is about rich people dodging taxes. The UK were like the US, poor people paying more taxes than rich people.
Load More Replies...This has nothing to do with taxing food. It’s advocating against further taxation on poorer people and in favor of taxing the idle rich (ie the royals). The loaf is the producer. Don’t you guys read any history at all?
A "loafer" is someone who sits around doing nothing. Just clarifying, because it's not about food really.
Rep and Dem....two cheeks on the same butt....always some a***le in the middle.
Obama was an overrated a*s hat because he was black and everybody thought his magical blackness could save the world, did nothing worth mentioning except driving a huge wedge between the races and still smiles, sells books, and executive produces movies. What a clown.
Come, Boris! Lucille Ball has told me where to find Moose and Squirrel.
This was targeted for wives of servicemen living on and around base, before women were allowed in the military, hence the sexist overtone.
So women are guilty and men the only who have information or can use it.
The soldier shouldn't have told his spouse. No difference between then and now; as an employee you know what you can and can't tell outside of work. I work at a goverment agency and everyone has to sign a 'integrity statement'. Not often, but still regulalry our manager gives simple examples of things you should be aware of, for example: Think about what you say/read/write whilst on public transport, table topics when you're having a drink with collegues, etc. It may sound paranoid, but it's hardly any trouble, also it isn't healthy if you can only talk about your work :)
My husband was in a cafe with a friend who loudly complained about their new job in PR (they seem to hate every job they get). Since my husband just listens, someone else must have overheard and reported the friend to the employer. The friend was fired several days later.
Load More Replies...This is a surefire way to becoming paranoid about every human in your life. So sad.
Don't invade countries and then you won't be put in the position of needing to tell the difference.
Have you never seen movies everyone speaks English
Load More Replies...How do you, in the first place, put yourself in a situation where you occupy a foreign country and screw it over so much that people rightfully hate you and you get to prevent CHILDREN from throwing GRENADES at your forces ? Ask G.W. Bush and D**k Cheney.
An American ship avoided being sunk during WWII by the Japanese bc the sailors on board started throwing potatoes at the Japanese. Since the Japanese couldn’t tell if they were grenades they withdrew and the Americans were able to sink the Japanese ship. So this is sound advice. Soldiers don’t want to kill civilians
The problem is that they are quite happy to accept that a child could be throwing a grenade. The focus needs to be be on preventing children from getting involved is adult conflicts.
Where’s the parent who should tell their kids not to throw rocks IN A FLIPPING WAR ZONE! If the kid goes down, it’s on him. Duuuuuuuuuhhhhh! My gosh the idiocy is palpable.
And this one REALLY hasn't changed all that much. To this very day "Well you're just ugly and no man wants you!" is a line you hear all too often when a woman stands up for her rights. Or is outspoken in general, really. Because, y'know, being attractive to men is the be-all and end-all of a woman's existence. Sigh.
Oh, I hate this one. My mom told me that you don't need a man to be a person. Thank you, Mom. (FYI: I expand that to "you don't need a spouse/children to be a person".)
I love what Florynce Kennedy said: "A woman needs a man like a fish needs a bicycle."
Load More Replies...The threat is still. Well if you act like that, no man will want you.... yea, so what? Also, that's not true, but who want to change just to marry someone who doesn't like who they are
Reminds me of my neighbor saying that I act too boyish and men won't like me. I am openly lesbian with a fiance
Load More Replies...Well, this is just messed up - I wonder if anyone also thought it was messed up back in the day?
women were beaten and arrested and had their children taken from them for fighting for their right to vote, I think messed up is probably putting it lightly
Load More Replies...Gotta love it when non-feminists tell me, a feminist, what feminism is about, and when I tell them that they're wrong they get so f*****g pissed off.
Lol I can't get past the last drawing! The whole thing is bonkers but the poor old maid sufferaget drawing cracks me up
Honestly, I see no problem with the cycle of becoming a Suffragette.
If some man called me "pet" when I was 15, my mom would have walloped him.
f**k that! my mom taught me self defense. I would wallop him
Load More Replies...Has anyone noticed how the hair colour changed from blonde to red then black?
Because marriage was supposed to be woman's greatest ambition. Also, pretty disgusting calling 15 years old "a pet".
That's right! She should be well on her way to have a second or third kid by her 50 year old husband!
Load More Replies...Apparently the original painting "Freedom of Speech" by Norman Rockwell was from the early 40s.
Load More Replies...No, it's a direct copy with different colors. Stature and owerall look could be coincidence but if you couht how the individual wrinkles in the shirt are drawn, those are 1:1 same.
Load More Replies...According to Snopes, that's kind of right. Both images are based off a primary image that doesn't have the details of Nazis or ranchers. The company that made the ad hired an artist who used a source image. The company and the artist both apologized sincerely for the mistake.
Load More Replies...Modern advertising is mostly based on Nazi and communist-Era propaganda
Okay, folks seem to be ready for more comparisons. USSR-Nazi Germany: http://fototelegraf.ru/173168-plakaty-sssr-i-tretego-rejxa-sravnenie.html
Probably the same guy "designed" the American poster, enough Nazis went to America after the war
Any country helped or did anything for democracy there.
Load More Replies...There are still so many countries about which that poster would be accurate.
Thanks, I was getting annoyed at all the “wow these Soviet posters are right, America is awful” like dafuq, Russia isn’t exactly faultless either.
Load More Replies...Will people stop using Soviet and Russian as synonyms? They are not the same thing.
The world doesn't speak at all about Russia's tiny but important role in formation of Bangladesh during Bangladesh Liberation War. US and UK literally supported a genocidal regime for their own personal gains.
Load More Replies...Makes me think of the sherif in Superman II. "You gotta learn to kick ass if you're gonna be a peacemaker".
The more things change, the more they stay the same. Except for the part about the toilet paper, apparently. :p
Humanity has held to only one absolute truth throughout its existence and that is that humanity absolutely refuses to actually learn from its past.
Load More Replies...Why not hamster in the title? I think everyone know how this little fella behave.
Comparing people to vermin or other animals is abhorrent and dehumanizing and should never be done. This still goes on with essays from within the last year by Claremont Institute scumbags like Michael Anton.
Yes, with more vulgarity, and even less coherence.
Load More Replies...Okay, but Australia just labeled "Kangaroos" is funny to me
Cool ! I have another version of it in my collection of maps, but without the caricatures.
Injuns ???? You may have wished we have come a long way from this but......
Giving the 48 other nations involved a pass? Why?
Load More Replies...Most of the hijackers on 9/11 were from Saudi Arabia and not Iraq, this was known even way back in 2005.
It wasn’t even Iraq who caused the attack. They really think American’s are dumb as rocks. Sadam did need to go, because of the atrocities against his people, but to blame it on 9/11 is just asinine.
Yeah mate it was Osama bin Laden in Afghanistan, and Hussien in Iraq. Bin Laden blamed for twin towers that started the war in Afghanistan. Iraq followed a little while later. Saudi was to blame for 9/11 - 17/19 pilots. Class action still going ahead from families and victims of 9/11 seeking restitution from Saudi.
Load More Replies...It’s all a matter of perspective. This isn’t propaganda, it’s the truth.
LOL. As if. Notice that labor is always in the back seat and has to push management uphill!
capital doesnt necessarily = management in the second image. take another look.
Load More Replies...capitalism "works" but the system is broken , trickle down is a joke , better pay for workers is needed
"The system" is capitalism. It's based in that the Earth have infinite resources and in Monopoly game: the winner is who ows everything and make all the others brone and dead, or his slaves.
Load More Replies...Coaster brakes were the norm for a long time. But this isn't a very realistic view of a tandem, because every tandem that I've ever seen had the stoker practically touching the captain's back with their nose.
Load More Replies...It left out the Italian colonization of Somalia, Eritrea and Ethiopia.
Feel freed to google "Belgian Congo child cannibalism" and you will find a lovely picture of a father sat next to the hand and foot of his 5 year old child that was killed cooked and eaten by guards because he tried to flee the rubber plantation where he was effectively enslaved.
Load More Replies...I clicked on "frankbr1" below the image. It does look like BP censored the swastikas.
Load More Replies...man censored swastikas on a british propaganda poster from world war 2 way to ruin the point bored petroleum
The Klan was able to overtly advertise in the 30s? I have lots to learn. I watched blackkklansman recently it was eye opening, I think that was set later though (in that movie the kkk were being slightly more covert in their recruiting)
I mean, I think they still can. It sucks. Afaik, hate groups aren't illegal. I'd argue they should be. But they're not. News stories pop up every now any then about leaflets left on doorsteps or windshields. It's vile. But protected under freedom of speech. Sometimes, the worse folks can be charged with is a littering fee.
Load More Replies..."Oh no, the Commies are are going to help us achieve equality! Better rat them out to the Klan!" However, I don't doubt that the dangers. By the way, I found this interesting link about the Communist Party in Alabama, if anyone wants to learn about their role in civil rights: https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=123771194
The communists were actively involved in pushing for civil rights with the CPUSA expelling a member after a public trial in the 1920s for racism and countries like the USSR supporting justice for the Scottsboro boys and Angela Davis respectively. Sean Guillory has some good podcasts out on the issue on "Sean's Russia Blog"
Load More Replies...Be a good negro, and do as we tell you. And we tell you that you don't want to be equal...
Bad and SOCIALLY EQUALITY is the ultimate oxymoron. The KKK were a bunch of dumbasses.
*are* They're still around. And still dumbasses.
Load More Replies...It's showing getting rid of Nazis, the "hairs" are all swastikas
Load More Replies...Both are pointed roughly at Germany. For the time, quite the "statement"
Load More Replies...No it doesn't. This is from WWI and it was still using the borders of the old Tsarist empire which had absorbed half of Poland Lithuania under Catherine the Great and which also ruled Finland/ Karelia. Its not until a year or two later that Russia looses much of that territory when Trotsky negotiates the treaty of Brest-Litovsk to get the newly formed RSFSR out of the war and the Finns and Poles fight the Red Army for territorial independence.
Load More Replies...depicting the swastika in a historical context is not advocating any ideology.
But in some countries, even displaying like that, is illegal.
Load More Replies...This is such an interesting article. I hope bored panda does more of this
The Russia anti-American propaganda ones are interesting, because they're using the same tactics on Facebook now. Just the medium has changed, not the message
I remember seeing this poster in history class it's along the same lines but different art style: https://images.app.goo.gl/GnJSAdjwHS8zHHoq5
Interesting how some of the older ones still hold up nowadays, especially that 1950s poster with Superman.
The Federal government is knowingly and willingly placing American civilian lives in direct lethal peril by keeping our borders open during a pandemic. Either Covid is a dangerous health risk or it is not. If it is, close the borders. If it is not, drop all the talk of mandates and restrictions and let this virus do its worst and be done. Anything else is undeniably criminal.
depicting the swastika in a historical context is not advocating any ideology.
But in some countries, even displaying like that, is illegal.
Load More Replies...This is such an interesting article. I hope bored panda does more of this
The Russia anti-American propaganda ones are interesting, because they're using the same tactics on Facebook now. Just the medium has changed, not the message
I remember seeing this poster in history class it's along the same lines but different art style: https://images.app.goo.gl/GnJSAdjwHS8zHHoq5
Interesting how some of the older ones still hold up nowadays, especially that 1950s poster with Superman.
The Federal government is knowingly and willingly placing American civilian lives in direct lethal peril by keeping our borders open during a pandemic. Either Covid is a dangerous health risk or it is not. If it is, close the borders. If it is not, drop all the talk of mandates and restrictions and let this virus do its worst and be done. Anything else is undeniably criminal.
