Dogs have been around humans for over 30,000 years and have earned themselves the title of humans’ best friends. Since being domesticated, the species has undergone dramatic changes due to selective breeding. People have bred dogs for their advantage, sometimes causing the animals severe health problems. However, only in the 20th century did the selective breeding of dogs become more sophisticated as new methods were discovered.
What Is Selective Breeding, and When Did It Start?
Selective breeding means selecting the species with desirable traits for breeding to increase those qualities in a population. This is usually done to benefit humans and might not always be favorable to the particular animal in its natural environment.
Some of the earliest examples of selective breeding can be found more than 9,000 years ago in Mesoamerica. Humans used to breed teosinte plants, which had a large number of kernels, and this gave rise to corn.
Why Did Humans Start Selectively Breeding Dogs?
It is believed that when humans shifted toward agricultural societies, they started selectively breeding dogs for a smaller size and more docile behavior. This was done to make living together more comfortable for humans and dogs.
Domestic dogs first emerged as early as 30,000 years ago in Southeast Asia thanks to the selective breeding of wolves. This resulted in over 450 globally recognized dog breeds today.
What Did The Original Dogs Look Like?
Many well-known dog breeds look pretty different from how they did a century ago. We compiled this list of dog evolution comparison pictures with the help of the ‘Dogs of All Nations’ book. Scroll down to see the interesting changes in these dog breeds, and let us know which one surprised you the most.
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Pugs 100 Years Ago
Pugs before breeding were roughly the same size a century ago. 100 years ago, original pugs had longer legs and noses and a slimmer build. They were bred to have bigger eyes and flatter noses. Unfortunately, this led to malformed and sick pugs with breathing problems and other health issues.
Pugs are such great little dogs - happy, friendly, funny and loyal. It's a shame what people have done to this breed and many others. :(
All breeders have done is create health problems for these beautiful animals.
People doing this to dogs love to consider themelves dog lovers, destroying their bodies, inflicting them pain to make them look 'cute' (and they are all cute naturally). Stop buying, adopt, so selling deformed dogs won't be profitable any more. But i know it won't happen because a lot of people buy dogs because of their looks and not to have a friend.
Load More Replies...Why do people want their dogs to not breath if i had a child that came out looking like this, I'd put it back in
They also can have a lot of health problems though... like their eyes popping out...
Yes, this is true. Along with the breathing problems they are terribly unhealthy. A friend of mine is a pug owner and he, along with many others I know, have nothing but health problems constantly.
Load More Replies...I hate what people have done to this breed, and bull dogs too. It's not ok for humans to intentionally "breed" a dog to the point they have trouble breathing their entire life. (And they have other health problems as well), This is probably not a popular comment, but I care more about animal suffering than what anyone thinks about my opinion.
Pugs today also have serious back problems. Their skull is too short to function. It's sad, because they used to be an active breed. Now they just suffer through life. :(
Bull Terrier 100 Years Ago
If you look at the bull terrier before and after, you’ll notice that the face has become shorter, while the jaws and the bridge of the nose have become more prominent. The body shape also became more muscular with shorter legs. This build was created explicitly so the breed could function as a fighting dog during the Victorian era.
I agree, too. Nowadays they have such ugly faces.
Load More Replies...I've always hated the bridge of their noses - and I'm a dog person!
I like them, but don't approve of changing them just to satisfy the whim of humans.
Load More Replies...This is not true. There were a few varieties of bull terrier, and the author has them mixed up, as they are often called under their general name ' bull terrier' Google vintage photos and you will see plenty of english bull terriers that looks just like the bottom picture dated from 1920-1930 A minute of research is all that is needed.
No, sorry, THAT top picture is what the dogs looked like just over a century ago. It has been pretty much down hill since then....
Load More Replies...That hasn't been my experience. We've had Roman nose Bull Terriers in my family for hunting dogs and not only are they powerful and very loyal, I have known them to be great lateral thinkers and quite charismatic. They were also very gentle and protective of us as children. My Dad still hasn't gotten over his first one and Jake has been dead 30+ years now.....
The ridge of the nose messes with their 3D-vision, since they hardly have any overlapping vision from both eyes. Might be the reason Aunt Messy thinks they're dumb - they're simply half-blind
Irish Setter
Irish setters were imported from Ireland to Spain. They haven’t changed much over the years. Now, they have a longer and thicker coat colored a rich, mahogany red. They also have a slightly thinner body.
Long time no see one in real life! They can have such beautiful fiery red color.
Load More Replies...My neighbour has a Gordon Setter. He's as tall and lanky as it is possible to get a setter to be!
Load More Replies...I heard years ago that the skulls were made narrower or smaller somehow and brain area was therefore decreased and the breed isn’t as smart now. Is this true
I doubt it because many studies have found that brain size is not linked to intelligence but they may have very well have breed the skulls smaller
Load More Replies...They look pretty much the same to me. When I was a kid, I had an uncle who had one of those. The pictures bring back good memories!
Did they breed them to be goofier or were they always so crazy?
In the US in the 1960s to 1970s there was careless breeding due to the great demand. Their heads grew smaller and more narrow, literally bred the brains out of them.
West Highland White Terrier
This adorable dog breed hasn’t changed much. All-white terriers were selectively bred in the 19th century in Poltalloch in Argyll, which led to the development of the West Highland White. The few changes that occurred were their fur becoming a little bit longer and thicker.
The old one looked almost like a Cairn terrier. I have read that Westies, Cairns and Scottish terriers were bred together and the breed of the pup was decided at birth - by its color. Quite hilarious, if you ask any modern dog breeder.
not so much that the breeds were bred together but they were one breed that they separated by color and over time selective breeding changed them to be different
Load More Replies...Old English Sheepdog
The Old English sheepdog used to be much shaggier than it is today. Apart from that, this is one of the most consistent dog breeds from 100 years ago.
In the UK we've stopped chopping off their tails just for appearances. They look so much better for it. Dogs deserve their tails.
Load More Replies...Tail docking used to be normal for the breed, but is banned now in the UK.
Yeah, but since they got their hands on the blow dryer...
Load More Replies...Shaggy boi (I had one of these growing up and Sam Dog was a very very good boy)
Basset Hound
There are quite a few recognizable changes to the Basset Hound’s build. The hind legs became shorter, the ears became longer, their face became droopier, and their skin now had more folds.
Not really. Those long ears and skin folds can be yeasty and prone to infection while the shorter legs are often deformed and lead to back problems. It does seem like more wrinkles in the face catch scent more effectively (re:bloodhounds), but I would be hard pressed to think of a single instance *I* know of where bassets are commonly used in scentwork (because of those health issues). So overall, the more extreme breeding has done considerable harm to the breed (something guarenteed to be a common theme in this list).
Load More Replies...I like the before a lot better...the skin folds nowadays just seem like a huge hassle and inconvinience, plus the dogs just look generally unhappier because of them.
Like most of the changes forced on dogs by show judges/breed standards and breeders these changes are not good. Most basset puppies are not allowed to walk for their first few weeks due to the legs being so weak. Also, the front legs are now noticably bowed and the front paws turn outwards. No excuse for these changes - they have turned a good hunting hound into a mis-shapen freak.
The vet I used to work for had 2 Bassets. If they didn't want to move off their beds, they weren't going. I tried grabbing their scruff to make them move and the skin just kept on coming, without the dog! Solid as a bag of coal.
Actually these changes are and do help them hunt better, they use the scent which the ears pick up on the ground to find the quarry.
Dobermann Dog Evolution
This dog was originally bred in Thuringia in 1890 by Louis Dobermann. The Dobermann dog breed has a more slender build than before. Their ears used to be cropped and their tail docked, which is now illegal in many countries. They are also not as aggressive as they were before.
And the ears are not cropped. I'm sure the first dog's ears were cut to look like that.
Load More Replies...The ears are different as they have not been mutilated, plus the tail is not docked.
We had one in the 70's. They were still considered "dangerous" at the time, but he was the sweetest thing... used to try and sit on my lap, slept at the foot of my bed... Then a group of boys from the neighborhood threw rocks at him, injuring his paw bad enough he needed treatment at the vet. He never trusted another child, including me. Little hoodlums took away my best friend. Yes, I hold a grudge.
Thanks to animal rights ... Their ears and the tails are no longer being cropped. Otherwise they look the same!
Glad they stopped docking the tail and shaping the ears... They look much kinder now and they are.
the american dobermann is a joke. European dobbies are still working dogs, and very handsome.
I mean most dogs arent working dogs and this one is clearly a show dog considering the unnatural pose. We still have working dogs...
Load More Replies...The upright ears are achieved by cropping, which thankfully, is illegeal in the UK. The ears are cut when they are puppies, they're then proped up with splints, and bound in placeuntil they are "set". I think the cropped ears make them look much more agrressive than they acrually are.
Some can just have pointed ears, they look like rabbits lol
Load More Replies...Dachshund
The adorable dachshunds you know today were initially bred to be hunting dogs during the 15th century in Europe. Today, the sausage dogs have a longer face and body. Also, a chest that’s slightly wider and hind leggies that are shorter.
Longer body and shorter legs. In other words, more health issues.
Yes, they have perpetual back issues and easily suffer from varying degrees of paralysis.
Load More Replies...We've had five dachshunds over my lifetime, and none of them had back/paralysis issues. You just have to be careful about their jumping and keep their weight down. They have the greatest personalities, but they're not necessarily friendly to outsiders.
To be fair to the breed, there are many different types of Dachshounds. Firstly, there are three hair-types. The short "Wiener Dogs", the long-haired ones (basically short-haired with long, fine hair) and the wire-haired ones, which are also made from mixing in Terriers back in the days. Latest type is the one which gets used in hunting still the most, since they're pretty robust and have terrier-like confidence in themselves (Love them. Would have one if they weren't so short-legged , but if one day there's one to adopt? It's gonna be mine) The short-haired ones are still used for hunting, but they aren't usually as long as the one from the pic. But in general, the long-haired and the short-haired types are longer in the back than the wire-haired ones.
The breeders are making them all head in the same direction - longer body, shorter legs. At the moment the differences you mention do exist but it's gradually changing. People who breed dogs in this manner are nothing short of evil. If they cared about the animal more than anything else they'd reverse the trend - not keep on making it worse.
Load More Replies...I liked them better back then than i do now, they looked more cute
Shorter legs, weaker headquarters, deeper chest straighter back....essentially, loss of functionality...
Newfoundland
While they appear similar, Newfoundlands were likely much smaller than they are today. ‘Dogs of All Nations’ writes that the breed weighed around 100 pounds in 1915, whereas Newfoundland males can weigh up to 150 pounds today. With so much shaggy fur, you can make different hairstyles for your Newfoundland!
Fun fact: In Disney's 1953 Peter Pan, Nana is a Newfoundland. At the time they were often used as "babysitters" because they're so gentle, but protective of their family.
Newfoundland dogs were on the verge of extinction not that long ago. The remaining dogs were bred back to Saint Bernards, which is why they're bigger now, with droopier faces. Unfortunately, they also inherited the Saint Bernard tendencies to being overweight and heart disease. There are no "pure" Newfoundland dogs any more.
Being overweight isnt something they do by themselves lol
Load More Replies...I had 2 Newfoundlands, both of them were 100-110 pounds (45-50kg), because they lived outside, had plenty of exercise and were never overfed. Vet was happy with how fit they were. My dogs looked very much like to "old" breed, and that was 3-25 yrs ago. So maybe be that weight gain is more about the way humans treat them differently now? I.e. usually not really a working dog anymore, are they? Also, the "now" dog is well brushed, so his head looks bigger (fluffier).
My uncle used to have one of these. He sat in the corner of the apartment and drooled. Whenever I walked in the kitchen, I had to avoid puddles of saliva.
You can't take them to the beach, because if they hear someone splashing around and shrieking in the water, they will try to 'save' the person---no matter if the person doesn't WANT to be saved.
Their top line is more even then it used to be in the past
Their hind legs are more level with their top line than they used to be it looks like
German Shepherd Dog Breeds 100 Years Ago
German shepherd puppies and dogs have become larger. Their fur has also become longer and thicker. Their skeletons have changed, and their chests are now wider. Studies have shown that these dogs are predisposed to health conditions like arthritis because of how they have been bred in recent decades.
I hate that modern ones' back legs have been tailored to make them appear crouching and cowed.
+ they have Health Problems because of it too
Load More Replies...They also have a lot of problems with their hips and backs now because of the low slope of the back 😭 I've seen working GSDs who are retired at the age of 4 years because they have arthritis and are in so much pain (at least they were allowed to retire and not forced to keep working, though).
The working type is different, though. At least in Europe, some working lines look almost like the old ones and they try to breed them to be healthy and robust.
Load More Replies..."Become larger" to the extent they're now replaced by slightly smaller Malinois in practically every job.
Malinois is a very beautiful dog. I hope they never change their standards.
Load More Replies...Their backs have become so sloped it's terrible!! It's hard to find a breeder that doesn't have dogs with sloped backs. Luckily tho I know an adorable Shepherd who has a straight back and a black coat. Gus is adorable. :)
Dogs like that are the ones that should be bred from - not for money but to improve the mistakes that have been bred in more recently. About time this was stomped on hard by animal welfare organisations.
Load More Replies...The old dog looks so much healthier.I hate that the poor hips and spines that has been bred into the german shepard. Just compare it with the belgian shepard to see the damage done to the breed.
The problems with the hips and spine has been bred into them which is a shame. They looked so much healthier 100 years ago.
Thank goodness they are starting to breed them without the sloping backs. The three I have had were all straight backed but semi coated - personally I prefer the semi long coats but not what the KC wants
My 4 had straight backs, one had Czech breeding.
Load More Replies...Scottish Terrier
The coat of the Scottish terrier is now much longer, softer, and has a slightly different texture. 100 years ago, their coat used to be more wiry.
yea thats the worst they should make a dog that lives as long as humans you that they can be lifelong friends!!!
Load More Replies...Shorter legs, longer hair over the face... 2 reasons that make getting around more difficult...
Je suis d'accord! Je pense que j'aime les chiens à fourrure plus courte de toute façon.
Load More Replies...This is the last one I can look at, it’s too depressing. I wish I could take each dog into my arms and tell them how sorry I am for what humanity has done to them.
The former breed was probably able to do his job better with a rougher coat.
they have always looked good on the whiskey bottle. More so after an empty glass or two.
Airedale Terrier
These sporting and playful dogs haven’t changed much over the years. They have a shaggier coat and a longer face with more fur. These dogs are considered to be the largest of all terriers.
They were trimmed differently, that's all. You won't believe how poodles looked like back then with their corded coat...
Load More Replies...Rottweiler
There have been quite a few physical changes in the Rottweiler breed. They have a shorter snout, a more robust jaw, and a different head shape. They also don't have a docked tail anymore, and their coat is now coarser than it was before.
It says "Rottweilers today don't have a docked tail anymore" now.
Load More Replies...A book called Beautiful Joe by Margaret Saunders was published in 1893 that was written as if from the dog's viewpoint. It explained the horrific damage caused by ear- and tail-docking (temperature maintenance and balance ruined) and made animal cruelty a public issue for the first time. Ms Saunders published it under a male pseudonym so she would be taken more seriously. Because of its influence, this book led to the first animal protection laws in Canada and the US. It is still worth reading!
Not in the UK. Completely illegal. Thankfully.
Load More Replies...My rottie has a long beautiful tail that tells me exactly what he needs and when he needs it! Also, the absolute best and smartest dog I've ever had. He's my bestie!
Unfortunately, it's still super common to dock their tails in the US
Their skull is shorter and wider, they are much heavier and have jowls. At the moment there are breeders who are trying to make them more pug like... Disgusting.
Only because animal welfare organisations fought to get the practice made illegal. Breeders really hated that. I know because I was part of the fight to stop the practice in the UK.
Load More Replies...Shetland Sheepdog
Although the Shetland Sheepdog is considered a tiny dog, it has doubled in size over the years. Its fur also became longer to help it cope and survive harsh weather conditions.
But... they're tiny NOW, how have they been even smaller back then?
They must have been positively wee! The Sheltie is a descendant of small specimens of the Scottish Collie and the King Charles Spaniel. They don't vary that much in size (if you use breed standards) but people sometimes confuse them with very similar looking breeds.
Load More Replies...Breed standard is and always has been 15 ins. Not sure where the idea they were smaller came from- Shetland sheep are NOT for the faint hearted! No wee tiny dog would get eve a "how are you" from a Shetland sheep, they would too bust laughing!!
I adore Shetlies, they are such incredibly lovely, loyal, and intelligent dogs.
AND it lost a substantial amount of bone. It's now a spindly thing with issues. And a terrible personality.
Boxer Breed 100 Years Ago
Boxers are the weirdest and most adorable dogs because of their energetic personalities. This breed emerged due to the selective breeding of smaller Mastiff breeds and bulldogs. Their original body shape was altered, while their faces, which used to be longer, are more downturned.
Geosushi- no it's a boxer with it's ears cropped
Load More Replies...OK, did someone REALLY downvote this because it's FRENCH? I don't know what it says or why whoever downvoted did so, but if someone downvoted a comment only due to the fact that it's in another language, you need some explaining to do.
Load More Replies...I was at the pet store pre-covid one day and I saw a guy carrying around a baby boxer that looked about 8 weeks old. Just tiny. And he was holding it like a baby. I go to pet the cutie and I see the horror and pain this poor dog was in. It had very fresh cut ears that were all stitched up and crusty and a missing tail with dried blood and stitches. He must have just picked her up from wherever he got her mutilated. I wanted to punch the guy in the face repeatedly but I didn’t want to put the poor baby in any more pain. Don’t dock your pets. Please.
It's actually called "hindquarters". Headquarters is where you meet to take over the world 😅
Load More Replies...That first dog is not a boxer it's an old time boston terrier look it up
Great Dane
Great Danes are huge! These long-legged dogs used to weigh less than they do today. According to “Dogs of All Nations,” they used to weigh around 120 pounds, while today, males can reach up to 175 pounds. They also used to be used as hunting dogs.
Again with weaker headquarters and back and now a squarer, more jowly jaw
And these useless flaps of hanging cheek?
Load More Replies...Yep - people think 'ooh, let's have the biggest dog possible' forgetting that there is a trade off. One that really isn't worth it. Keep them smaller and let them live longer.
Load More Replies...That first one is really superstructed hind-quarters. But that's one breed that shouldn't exist in its current form... Makes me sad.
I disagree I feel that their topline has greatly improved
Chow Chow
These adorable fluff balls weighed around 50 pounds a century ago. Today, they weigh up to 75 pounds. In addition to this, the faces of Chow Chows have become more wrinkly. Humans bred the Chow Chow with thicker coats to be better suited for work in the snow.
What happened to this once beautiful dogs? Why a shorter jaw and make them so wrinkle? Stupid breeders!
It's like they want to breed the "dog" out of dogs and I just don't understand that. If they don't like the look of a dog, don't get a dog. Just leave them alone.
Load More Replies...They were a very versatile breed - even used for hunting. They can hardly trot for 10 km the way they are now. I know of two, though, that are close to the original because there are some very rare breeders who try to keep the old style alive.
All the people here like "so cute!" have never met an actual Chow IRL. A few can be friendly but most are aggro AF since they were bred as guard dogs.
Again, skull is way shorter than before. I don't get it, what is so "cute" about round head?
Their owners have similarly gone up in weight, nothing to see here.
I found one thrown away in a ditch when I was 5 years old, named him Barbershop I loved that dog.
Saluki
The Salukis have become even taller than they were before. Today, they are also thinner, with longer ears and legs. These dogs love companionship and enjoy being around people.
Yeah I feel like animal control might ask to see vet records for that second one. I understand some dogs have slender builds but the protruding hip bones and the super obvious veins popping out make me wonder if the dog's malnourished or has something else going on....
PauPain: another breed I constantly see overweight is Labrador Retrievers. THEY ARE NOT MEANT TO TODDLE AROUND LIKE PENGUINS. so many are so obese that's it's definitely going to cause health problems. Screenshot...7a22af.png
That is what many labs and dogs in general look like now. They should looks similar to this. Screenshot...906061.png
I love comparing and reading old dog breed books and I have actually collected books where my own breed is included in. However, this was disappointing. But it is a great idea for a piece! Some tips: 1. Choose pictures where the dogs are posed in a similar fashion and if you can't see much under the fur that doesn't mean anything didn't change. It is just fur. 2. The obvious: tail docking and grooming. 3. Maybe next time actually do some research. I am not interested in some random "observations", you could provide us with interesting facts! There is so much breed history here. 4. If you don't want to do research, post it as it is. Leave it up to discussion. People might know more, comments and discussion.
Which Selective Breeding Example Shocked You the Most?
Seeing how popular dog breeds have transformed over 100 years is fascinating. Although selective breeding has added many great qualities, it has complex harmful effects on some dog’s health. That’s why it is crucial not to encourage breeders to cut corners due to high demand. The best way to keep dogs safe and healthy in the long run is to adopt, not shop.
I'm glad the cutting of tails and ears is no longer in fashion/allowed!
Sadly enough, there are enough countries that still do it.
Load More Replies...I despise breeders that have handicapped animals only for their personal glory and money. They don't respect or love animals. The real ugly creatures are this race of breeders.
that's probably the only logical ultimate goal of any pure breed since it relies on inbreeding... with no genetic variety the breed will keep deteriorating
Load More Replies...Feel like this was written by someone that doesn't know what she is talking about. Some breeds have changed drasticly, which is not mentioned in this artical. Shame, could be so much more interesting.
"The ears look slightly different" under the Dobermann, and "tail got longer" under the Rottweiler 😂 She thinks it's a natural change?!
Load More Replies...I realize that humans have been selectively breeding dogs since they first partnered up but a lot of these are harmful cosmetic changes. I feel like we've kinda let our best friends down.
Me too but what is happening in the comments below this. Like why are ya'll stooping to their level? Dont feed the trolls isttg--
Load More Replies...It is illegal in some countries, shame it isn't in all.
Load More Replies...I bought an old black and white cat breeders book from a church fair when I was little. I was so confused looking at the pictures that mum had to explain selective breeding to me, as best as I could understand it at that age. I remember staring at the photos of Persian cats: beautiful delicate nose and lovely profile. Not any more though, it shows how fast we can mutate these beautiful creatures
I'm glad the cutting of tails and ears is no longer in fashion/allowed!
Sadly enough, there are enough countries that still do it.
Load More Replies...I despise breeders that have handicapped animals only for their personal glory and money. They don't respect or love animals. The real ugly creatures are this race of breeders.
that's probably the only logical ultimate goal of any pure breed since it relies on inbreeding... with no genetic variety the breed will keep deteriorating
Load More Replies...Feel like this was written by someone that doesn't know what she is talking about. Some breeds have changed drasticly, which is not mentioned in this artical. Shame, could be so much more interesting.
"The ears look slightly different" under the Dobermann, and "tail got longer" under the Rottweiler 😂 She thinks it's a natural change?!
Load More Replies...I realize that humans have been selectively breeding dogs since they first partnered up but a lot of these are harmful cosmetic changes. I feel like we've kinda let our best friends down.
Me too but what is happening in the comments below this. Like why are ya'll stooping to their level? Dont feed the trolls isttg--
Load More Replies...It is illegal in some countries, shame it isn't in all.
Load More Replies...I bought an old black and white cat breeders book from a church fair when I was little. I was so confused looking at the pictures that mum had to explain selective breeding to me, as best as I could understand it at that age. I remember staring at the photos of Persian cats: beautiful delicate nose and lovely profile. Not any more though, it shows how fast we can mutate these beautiful creatures
