When we look for physical representations of famous people from the pre-photography past, the only remaining options we have are either the grim skeletal remains or barely detailed and imprecise artistic depictions. Some artists try to reimagine what a particular queen or medieval peasant might've looked like, but their vision and imagination are limited to their own times. However, technology has advanced to the levels where we can employ science to depict historical figures as if they were alive today accurately.
To recreate the facial features from a skull, the process must start with an x-ray or a CT scan to capture the skull's proper form. After that, the data is rendered in full 3D, which gives the scientists an excellent platform to work on. What comes next is the modeling of facial muscles to match the exact shape of the skull; depending on the bone structure, a layer of fat is added, and then comes the skin. Finally, the colors of such features as hair and eyes have to be guessed based on the area the skull was found and the time period it came from. Admittedly, we've described the process of facial reconstruction in a very simplified manner, but if this sounds like a lot of work, imagine that a couple of decades earlier, all of this had to be done without the help of computer modeling the faces with clay or plasticine.
Bored Panda has compiled a list of various reconstructions from archaeological finds that give us a fascinating glimpse of the past. Scroll down to check these cool photos out, and don't forget to comment and vote on your favorites!
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Henry IV Of France
Henry IV of France was King of France from 1589 to 1610, when we was assassinated by a fanatical Catholic. He was also known as Good King Henry for his great concern about the welfare of his subjects.
Philippe Froesch created a CGI 3D forensic facial reconstruction of Henry, using his skull as a base.
More like DATA from Star Trek! if one can look beyond (Underneath) the His Facial Hairs(Beard)!
Load More Replies...Ava
Ava was a Bronze-Age woman who died 3,700 years ago. She was found in an unusual grave for her time. Instead of being buried in soil, like others, Ava's final resting place was carved in solid rock, which suggested that she was special.
Scottish archaeologist Maya Hoole and forensic artist Hew Morrison teamed up to recreate Ava's face using sophisticated software and tissue depth charts.
I had to go and browse the possibility of determining one's hair and eye color, based on skeletal remains. Apparently, it works, albeits only if DNA is sufficiently preserved. Above limit of skeleton "age" is about 800 years. So this red hair and mountain spring eyes are a bit of poetic interpretation, but beautiful none the less.
statistical probability is not poetic interpretation. poetic interpretation is throwing darts at a wall.
Load More Replies...Please can someone dig me up 2000 years from now - give me a massive face reconstruction dermabrasion, fix my nose, give me a facelift and perfect my complexion- and the great expensive hairdo
she would have looked nothing like that - poor nutrition and disease woulld have taken away her looks and her teeth and no neanderthal female would have hair fresh from a hairdressers
She was not a neanderthal. The neanderthals had been extinct for about 30,000 to 35,000 years before her time.
Load More Replies...A couple of corrections here: Ava was in fact alive closer to 4,250 years ago (new radiocarbon dates) and secondly, the aDNA has revealed new data about her appearance - she would not have had red hair or blue eyes. Watch this space...
radiocarbon dating and DNA have limits - they can tell how old a body is - it's ethnicity - they can guess it's age and colouring - recent DNA can find relatives - a skull reconstruction from a very recent body may help in identification but the imaginary facial images of 3000 year old skulls belong to to the people who created the digital manipulation
Load More Replies...Right, so she would have blown out, moussed up hair and a great complexion. and hair highlights? Give me a break- b******t.
I will donate a free FACES software to Hew Morrison....see: www.facebook.com/facesketchsoftware.
Dear Greg - can you make me look as good as the 2000 old women---just asking
Load More Replies...she was probably special because of the blue eyes (plus other stuff we'll never know) but blue eyes were super rare.
Blue eyes were not any rarer than today. The hair and eye colour in this recreation are artistic licence anyway.
Load More Replies...Meritamun
The 2,000 year old mummy known as 'Meritamun' was brought back to life using the latest technology. Scientists from the University of Melbourne used her skull to determine that Meritamun was between the ages of 18 and 25, stood about 5 feet 4 inches tall and was anaemic. Unfortunately, they couldn't find the cause of death since the rest of her body was never recovered.
To reconstruct Meritamun's face, the researchers used medical research, forensic science, computerized tomographic (CT) scanning, 3D printing, Egyptology and art.
If this is only from 2,000 years ago, she could also be Greek, or part Greek. The Ptolemys were in play by that point. The Pharos were Greek from Alexander on up. That includes Cleopatra. So, this woman could look a bit like her.
Correct! nice to see one individual having some sense.
Load More Replies...Wait the whole point of egyptian mummies was to conserve the body for the afterlife. They believed if the body was destroyed you can't go to the afterlife, a fate worse than death . So why did they only have the skull?
Grave robbers often destroy a lot in search of goods
Load More Replies...500-Year-Old Dubliner
Back in 2014, archaelogists recovered remains of a man who died about 500 years ago. He was one of 4 sets of skeletons found, all of which showed signs of childhood malnutrition and heavy manual labor, which suggests that all of them were poor. As one of the skulls was well preserved, they used it to reconstruct what the man looked like 500 years ago.
Except he wouldn't have looked so well or so well cared for if suffering with malnutrition and the effects of long term heavy manual labour. Sad.
Exactly my thought. I'd imagine a much worse complexion, dirty hair, etc.
Load More Replies...he looks like he enjoys a drink and a good game of pool whilst listening to Maiden.
Is it weird cause the moment I see this face, I think of Chris Hemsworth.
Childhood* malnutrition. Meaning he had brittle bones and probably arthritis from the heavy manual labor. Doesn't mean his face would look completely different. Just probably not as rosy, glowy, and full. But maybe at one point in his life, it could have been.
Nicolaus Copernicus
Copernicus was one the brightest Renaissance-era mathematicians and astronomers, who formulated a model of the universe that placed the Sun rather than the Earth at the center of the universe. He died at the age of 70.
A Polish forensic team reconstructed this face from his remains.
Looks a bit like the tv version of Maester Aemon (Targaryen). Also like Maester Luwin.
Normally paintings flattered as well - with a few exceptions.
Load More Replies...Facial features are quite good. I imagine the mouth is more accurate than the painting. The reconstruction looks like he would have looked at his age of death.
Johann Sebastian Bach
Johann Sebastian Bach (1685 – 1750) was a composer and musician of the Baroque period, who is regarded as one of the greatest composers of all time.
Scottish anthropologist Caroline Wilkinson took measurements of Bach's facial bones to recreate a 3D image of what the composer's face must've looked like.
The painting's good enough we don't need to figure out. I trust the painting more.
Early Neolithic Stonehenge Man
The reconstruction of an early Neolithic man's head was based on the skeleton of an adult male excavated in 1863, in Winterbourne Stoke, Wiltshire. Experts used skeletal analysis to recreate what a slender man in his 40's looked like about 5,500 ago, 500 years before the first monument at Stonehenge was built.
And I Jim Carey.... Perhaps a mix of the two?
Load More Replies...Don't lie to me. That's Jeff Bridges. Flynn finally found a way off the grid and 5000 years into the past.
I am totally amazed. How I could not notice the difference in a face betwwen this man who lived more than 5000 years ago, and someone in the street. Incredible.
Jane Of Jamestown
Jane was a young girl (14-years-old) who was eaten by her 17th century Jamestown co-settlers. Her mutilated skull and severed leg bone were found in 2012, among butchered animal bones and other food remains, in a Jamestown cellar. Dr. Douglas Owsley, chief forensic anthropologist at the Smithsonian Institution’s National Museum of Natural History, examined the bones and determined that the cuts and marks on them were from an attempt to seperate tissue and brain from the bones. Owsley concluded that it was a case of cannibalism as marks were consistent with other cases of cannibalism and the fact that the people of Jamestown were starving during the winter of 1609-1610.
Looks a bit mature for a 14 year old. But maybe those were different times.
when your uncle is chasing you to eat you, you mature fast!
Load More Replies...What the description doesn't say was she was already dead when they cannibalized her. Freshly dead, but they didn't kill her to eat her. She probably died of disease or starvation.
Load More Replies...They should have added that she died of fever before the folks at Jamestown ate her. She was not killed.
Those people must’ve been really bad at everything...meanwhile native Americans had meat, fish, vegetables, fruits, furs, nice warm shelters and were looking at them in secret wondering why they were eating a dead kid...
hahah yeah if I was one of the natives I would’ve been afraid of these crazy people...
Load More Replies...It's just "14 years old". You don't need hyphens. If you turn it into a noun (eg "the 14-year-old") or an adjective ("Jane was a 14-year-old girl") then you do. But not in this construction.
The horror! I hope she was dead when this happened, and I hope they didn't kill her to eat her. Poor girl.
People dropped like flies at Jamestown that winter. They didn't need to kill people to eat them.
Load More Replies...King Tut's Biological Mother, Likely Nefertiti
DNA tests revealed that a mummy known as "the Younger Lady" is the sister of Akhenaten (Tut's father) and mother of Tutankhamun. While its identity hasn't been fully determined, many believe that the remains belong to Queen Nefertiti, Akhenaten's Great Royal Wife. Paleoartist Élisabeth Daynès used the scan of "the Younger Lady" to reconstruct a bust of the Egyptian queen.
Nefertiti was not Tutankhamen's biological mother, although she was married to Amenhotep IV, later known as Akhenaten. She is known to have had six daughters with Akhenaten. No Egyptologist believes she was Tut's mother.
Some believe she wasn't actually this pretty (mostly due to genetic defects) and that the artists that made sculptures of her were made to change her features to make her look more beautiful. There is also a lot of speculation as to why she is often depicted without having a iris/pupil in one of her eyes.
Negentig was not Tut's mother, she and Ahknaton had 6 daughters, one of which married Tut. His mother was one of his father's concubines.
Exactly what I just wrote before I saw your comment.
Load More Replies...Nefertiti is not Tutankhamen's biological mother. The Younger Woman is related to Akhenaten, and so, it is believed that she is probably Akhenaten's half sister, making her both Tutankhamen's Aunt and Mother. Then Tutankhamen married his half sister (daughter of his dad and Nefertiti). All this inbreeding is why the dynasty couldn't continue.
I've seen the statue, and the rendering does not look like her sweet and wonderful face.
The sculptor would probably have been diplomatic and made her look better looking than she really was in real life... that’s how it usually went with all statues and paintings of aristocracy around the world. The rendering would be based on a scan of her skeleton and be much more accurate. I still think she looks pretty though.
Load More Replies...Maximilien De Robespierre
Maximilien de Robespierre was a French politician and lawyer, best known for his role in the French Revolution (1789 - 1799) and the Reign of Terror. He was executed by guillotine on July 28, 1794 at the age of 36.
Scientists used his death mask, as well as historical records detailing Robespierre's medical history to reconstruct his face and determine the illnesses he suffered.
Several clinical signs were described by contemporary witnesses: vision problems, nose bleeds (“he covered his pillow of fresh blood each night”), jaundice (“yellow colored skin and eyes”), asthenia (“continuous tiredness”), recurrent leg ulcers, and frequent facial skin diseases associated with scars of a previous smallpox infection. Historians speculate that he suffered from sarcoidosis. He also had permanent eye and mouth twitching. The symptoms worsened between 1790 and 1794. The day before his beheading, Robespierre suffered a firearm wound to the jaw in dubious circumstances.
he was responsible for a large number of murders. f**k him
Load More Replies...His painting makes him look quite handsome and joyful. 35 wow. So young to be dedicated to so much death--the reconstruction fits more with the historical account
Either the eyes are too small or too far apart. The usual distance between the eyes is one 'eye-width'.I would say the eyes should be bigger, judging from the portrait.
Somehow, 40-something early neolithic Stonehenge man looks younger and more modern. 🤔
Richard III Of England
Richard III of England was King of England between 1483 and 1485. He was a prominent figure during the Wars of Roses and the Battle of Bosworth Field where he died. This was the last decisive battle of the conflict between the families of Lancaster and York. He was 32 at the time of his death.
His remains were lost for more than 5 centuries (as they were believed to have been thrown into the River Soar) only to be discovered in 2012, on a city council car park in Leicester.
They used the skull and DNA samples to make a 3D reconstruction of his face. A computer app was used to add muscle tissue to the scan of the skull and the result was then made into a plastic model.
One would think it wise and scholarly to have the hair of the computer-constructed likeness to match the historically recorded hairstyle.
Agreed, contemporary portraits should have been acknowledged.
Load More Replies...The portrait is known to have been doctored by Tudor propagandists to make him look more 'evil'. I would believe the archaeology/anthropology more. History would be very different if he hadn't charged Henry of Richmond at Bosworth.
Looks more feminine than me and I've lived my whole life with a vagina... What am I doing wrong
Context 958
This individual who lived 700 years ago was dubbed Context 958 by the researchers who have pieced this man's life and face together by analyzing his bones and teeth. Context 958 is part of the University of Cambridge's wider research aiming to understand how people lived and died back medieval times. "Context 958 was probably an inmate of the Hospital of St John, a charitable institution which provided food and a place to live for a dozen or so indigent townspeople," said, John Robb, member of the research team. The team has also determined that he was around the age of 40 when he died and lived a hardworking life, based on the wear and tear marks on his skeleton.
I'm not sure if this isn't just the artist that made the rendering and they used the wrong photo...
Anthony Of Padua
Saint Anthony of Padua was a Catholic priest who was born in 1195, to a wealthy family in Lisbon, Portugal. He died at the age of 35 in Padua, Italy. As his contemporaries recognized his devotion and love to the poor and the sick, as well as his powerful preaching, Anthony was one of the most quickly canonized saints in church history. He is the patron saint of lost things.
In 2014, forensic researchers at the University of St. Anthony of Padua teamed up to recreate his facial image from a digital copy of his skull. They used the latest 3D program to reconstruct Anthony's features in what they believe to be “one of the most faithful reconstructions of the face of St. Anthony.”
Dude I like him even more now. Look at that, that's a face you can trust
Mary, Queen Of Scots
Mary Stuart was Queen of Scotland between 1542 and 1567 and she was only 6 days old when she acceded to the throne. She spent her last 18 years in custody of Queen Elizabeth of England after which Mary was found guilty of plotting to assassinate Elizabeth in 1586 and executed. She was 44 at the time of her execution.
Experts from the University of Dundee compiled all the available portraits of Mary Stuart to recreate a 3D image of what she would've looked like during her reign.
the left is going by skeletal remains.... the right is a portrait... they made her look different in portrait
Load More Replies...This is a terrible rendition and should be redone. Madame Tusoddes has a very well done replica of her
There is a death mask of Mary Queen of Scots. It shows a rather pretty face. This composite of pictures looks nothing like it.
Mary Queen of Scots was actually known as very beautiful in her age. Whatever the beauty standards were of that day, she was definitely known as the picture of beauty. Just a quick tidbit of random info.
It's 50/50, how accurate is the painting? It would be cool if they could make up a skull of a living person, then we could really see how close this procedure is.
Arish
Arish lived in Carthage (modern day Tunisia) 2,500 years ago and he was 19 to 24 years old when he died. Researchers used criminal investigation techniques and dermoplasty to reconstruct what Arish looked like when he was alive.
Probably because he's shown without a left arm? Don't know of many one armed guitar players...
Load More Replies...A Medieval Maiden From Edinburgh
This lady is one of the 400 people found in South Leith Parish Church graveyard, which was excavated during preparation work for Edinburgh Trams in 2009. They date back to 16th century.
Experts have analyzed the remains and determined that her age was between 25-and 35, her height was 4ft 11 which is 4 centimetres shorter than the average height of a medieval woman in the found population.
It looks like two artists worked on this face - one on the right and another on the left. Or else, she really was lopsided.
The Mary Rose Archer
Mary Rose was a warship of the English Tudor navy of King Henry VIII, that sank in 1545 while leading an attack on the French fleet. 500 years later the ship and most of her crew were recovered and scientists examined the remains. While algae and other growth made it difficult to analyze the skeletons, the research team were able to identify quite a lot of this particular archer. They determined his role in the ship as a man wielding a long-bow, as well as his height - 6 feet.
They also created a 3D print of his skull which was later used to reconstruct his face.
Gabriel, 500 was most likely the closest hundred, so they rounded the number.
Load More Replies...I think he's drop dead gorgeous, he could fire his love in me if he was alive.
And he's very hot too, I would love him to come back to life and give me a big, deep kiss and a romp in the hay.
Load More Replies...Robert Burns
Robert Burns (1759 - 1796) was a Scottish poet and lyricist known for such works as "Auld Lang Syne" and "The Battle of Sherramuir". He died at the age of 37 in Dumfries, Scotland.
Researchers used his skull to recreate a 3D reproduction to bring Burns back to life.
I sort of get the feeling that the 3D recreation would murder me and wear my skin
Just kinda curious, in the re-creation he has a mole on his cheek (very well done too, I might add) but in the painting, no mole. Why the mole? What's the justification?
It was common at the time to paint a beauty mark on the cheek or chin.
Load More Replies...His face is too long per the picture.. but if his skull was used it’s interesting that painters tried to make people look better than they really did! I guess to make sure they were paid!
Some of my family are buried in she same graveyard. My dads side are from Dumfries. Odd as it sound it’s literally the most beautiful graveyard I’ve ever seen. It’s very well looked after. They have trees with little trinkets and chimes from loved ones and wild rabbits and bunnies hopping about everywhere
John De Strivelyn
John de Strivelyn (also known as John Stirling) was a medieval Scottish knight who died in 1378.
His remains were found at Stirling Castle, beneath a lost 12th-century royal chapel. The University of Dundee worked on John's remains to recreate a three-dimensional image of what he looked like. They used the latest digital scanning and replication techniques and the final result was painted by a medical artist.
by the late Medieval period, armor was so heavy and ornate, you had to be tough as hell to actually fight in it, as a lot of it was just for show. The mark on his head really brings home how dangerous hand to hand was back then.
Incorrect. Armor was properly balanced to distribute the weight on the body and only weighed about 50 to 60 pounds. Theres also plenty of videos proving it's capability of stopping arrows as well as most weapons. Stop spreading misinformation. You're lying about history.
Load More Replies...Later in life, he transported "packages" for others in his Audi, under his own code of rules.
Robert The Bruce
Robert I was King of Scots from 1306 until his death in 1329, as well as one of the most famous warriors of his generation. He led forces against England in the First War of Scottish Independence and succeeded in regaining Scotland's place as an independent country. To this day, Robert the Bruce is regarded as a national hero in Scotland.
In 2016, historians at the University of Glasgow teamed up with Liverpool's John Moores University to reconstruct Robert's face as the visual depictions of the King were scarce. They used casts from what is believed to be the skull of Robert to make a 3D represenation. Although there is some uncertainty whether the skull truly belongs to King Robert, historians are reasonably confident it's his skull.
What happened to his nose? (I'm not being sarcastic, it looks like it was wounded in battle at some point)
Holy cats, he looks exactly like my uncle and grandpa (without the nose wound).
Are you from the house of Bruce, the first Royal family of Scottland too? Its my bloodline this house of Bruce, and later the house of Stuart too. I decent Directly from Elizabeth Stuart the grandmother of first Hanover king of Great Britain King George the 1.
Load More Replies...Robert the Bruce had hodgkins disease (leprosy) which is why his nose was disfigured
Robert the Bruce was my 22nd grandfather - does that make me a princess?
More, please!!!! Well in good honesty all of the movies playing off back in those days aren't that off. There were really attractive people back then
This compilation was very interesting to see. Finally content that pushed boredom away for a bit :)
And the ages they died at. In their 30s most of them. Their 20s, teens ... F**k life was tough; violent; short. Way too short. I've lived twice as long already.
This is incredibly moving. Suddenly all the distant boring history I learnt comes alive in an incredibly intimate way; a disturbing way. I want to tell them something - warn them about what they're in for. "Avoid people with axes!" Something like that. Others I'd be glad to marry, or have a beer with, or a laugh, a hug ... Powerful!
I’d be impressed if the technology was proved in a blind test : a modern skull is given the treatment and the resulting image compared with actual photographs of the skull’s owner. 💀☠️
More, please!!!! Well in good honesty all of the movies playing off back in those days aren't that off. There were really attractive people back then
This compilation was very interesting to see. Finally content that pushed boredom away for a bit :)
And the ages they died at. In their 30s most of them. Their 20s, teens ... F**k life was tough; violent; short. Way too short. I've lived twice as long already.
This is incredibly moving. Suddenly all the distant boring history I learnt comes alive in an incredibly intimate way; a disturbing way. I want to tell them something - warn them about what they're in for. "Avoid people with axes!" Something like that. Others I'd be glad to marry, or have a beer with, or a laugh, a hug ... Powerful!
I’d be impressed if the technology was proved in a blind test : a modern skull is given the treatment and the resulting image compared with actual photographs of the skull’s owner. 💀☠️
