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Whether you’re enjoying some sunny Mediterranean weather or skiing this winter, or you just want to surprise a friend by sending them a Christmas card in their language, here are all the European Christmas greetings you could need.
This colorful map of Europe was made by Jakub Marian, a Czech linguist who makes fun infographic maps in addition to having written a line of textbooks. If you like this Christmas map, you can check out his other maps that you can use all year long, like how European languages say “I love you”. His map of tea may surprise you with its simplicity – it looks like the world’s most popular drink is the one thing that most of us are in agreement about.
More info: Official site | Twitter | Amazon
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This map shows how Europe says Merry Christmas
The colors on the map show the etymological roots of each phrase: for example, red represents Romance languages that use a Latin-based word for the event of the birth of Christ. You can see that some other languages, like the Celtic languages and Turkish, get their Christmas greetings as loanwords from the Romance languages. You can also see that up north, highlighted in green, people get their word for Christmas from the Old Norse pagan festival jól (we have this word in English as Yule!)
In Marian’s analysis on his website, he explains that he groups together German, Czech and Slovak because the latter two languages adopted an old German word for “holy night” into their lexicon.
He also explains that Romanian and Hungarian, even though Romanian is an Indo-European language like the other Romance languages, while Hungarian is from a completely different family, seem to have gotten their word for Christmas from the same root in either Proto-Slavic or Latin.
Maybe you didn’t know that Christmas is celebrated differently all over Europe, and in many places, it’s not over yet. Orthodox Christians in Russia, Ukraine, and parts of the Balkans will be celebrating the Nativity on January 7th, due to a difference in the ceremonial calendar that they use, and get national holidays to match.
However, in countries that spent most of the 20th century under Soviet control, suppression of religion prevented celebrating Christmas, which meant that Christmas celebrations were largely rebranded and merged with New Year’s Eve. As a result, many cultures as you go east celebrate New Year’s Eve more heavily than Christmas to this day, often mixing imagery from the two holidays. (Conveniently, Marian has included a map for that too!)
Here are all of the phrases listed on the map, if you need to copy and paste them:
Albanian: Gëzuar Krishtlindjet
Basque: Eguberri on
Belarusian: з Калядамі or з Божым Нараджэннем (z Kaljádami or z Bozym Naradžénnjem)
Breton: Nedeleg laouen
Bulgarian: Весела Коледа or Честито Рождество Христово (Vesela Koleda or Chestito Roždestvo Hristovo)
Catalan: Bon Nadal
Croatian: Sretan Božić
Czech: Veselé Vánoce
Danish God jul or Glædelig jul
Dutch: Vrolijk Kerstfeest
English: Merry Christmas or Happy Christmas
Estonian: Häid jõule
Finnish: Hyvää joulua
French: Joyeux Noël
Galician: Bo Nadal
German: Fröhliche Weihnachten or Frohe Weihnachten
Greek: Καλά Χριστούγεννα (Kalá Christoúgenna)
Hungarian: Boldog karácsonyt
Icelandic: Gleðileg jól
Irish: Nollaig Shona + Dhuit (singular) or Daoibh (plural)
Italian: Buon Natale
Latvian: Priecīgus Ziemassvētkus
Lithuanian: Linksmų Kalėdų
Luxembourgish: Schéine Chrëschtdag
Macedonian: Среќен Божиќ or Христос се роди (Sreḱen Božiḱ or Hristos se rodi)
Maltese: il-Milied it-Tajjeb
Norwegian: God jul
Northern Sami: Buorit juovllat
Romanian: Crăciun fericit
Occitan: Bon Nadal
Polish: Wesołych Świąt (Bożego Narodzenia)
Portuguese: Feliz Natal
Russian: с Рождеством (Христовым) (s Roždestvóm [Hristóvym])
Scottish Gaelic: Nollaig Chridheil
Serbian: Srećan Božić or Hristos se rodi
Sardinian: Bona Pasca de Nadale
Slovak: Veselé Vianoce
Slovene: Vesel božič
Spanish: Feliz Navidad
Swedish: God jul
Turkish: Mutlu Noeller
Ukrainian: з Різдвом (Христовим) (z Rizdvóm [Hrystóvym])
Welsh: Nadolig Llawen
Jakub Marian’s books and map prints can be found on his official website.
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What do you think ?
TaranW 6 years ago
For Great Britain, I always thought it was "Happy Christmas." I heard that a lot when visiting as a kid, but that's been some years now. It could have been due to the area I was in, has it changed?
Violaine LB 6 years ago
Happy Christmas is definitely more common than Merry Christmas, I would agree and I live in the UK.
Load More Replies...
Avital Pilpel 6 years ago
OK, not European but in Hebrew: "Hag Molad Same'ach", literally "holiday of birth happy" (the adjective is usually after the noun in Hebrew).
Astrid Nineor 6 years ago
I wonder what they all actually mean. We scandis are still heathens :p Jul is the old norse celebration. I wonder if any of the other greetings have a simikar background or if they all relate to the Christ part of Christmas?
Duska Radmanovic 6 years ago
In Serbian ''Hristos se rodi'' means ''Christ was born'' this is the first part of Christmas greeting, other person suppose to answer ''Vaistinu se rodi'' means ''He trully was born''.
Load More Replies...
Oğuzhan Kahveci 6 years ago
Am i the only one wondering why do people in Algeria and Tunisia say 'more maps at jakubmarian.com' on christmas?
John Louis 6 years ago
How do you say Season's Greetings, Happy Holidays or I can't wait for this c**p to be over?
Marie Buin 6 years ago
In Norwegian it's; "God Høytid" or "Jeg kan ikke vente til denne dritten er ferdig"
Load More Replies...
Angooo Kurv 6 years ago
Learning languages is fun, but I'd like to see more of lang included all over the world like there's so many interesting languages in asian and they also celebrate Christmas. So i wanted to add one more, in Indonesia we say "selamat natal" just so you know.
Gwyn Plaine 6 years ago
I'm freaking out, you included Wales! This just does not happen!!!!!!!!!!
Melinda Huszanagics 6 years ago
Writing from Hungary to refute the following argument: "However, in countries that spent most of the 20th century under Soviet control, suppression of religion prevented celebrating Christmas, which meant that Christmas celebrations were largely rebranded and merged with New Year’s Eve. As a result, many cultures as you go east celebrate New Year’s Eve more heavily than Christmas to this day, often mixing imagery from the two holidays." It's BOGUS! Where do you get these ideas from? "I love being reduced to a cultural stereotype." (Woody Allen, Annie Hall)
Monika Rhodes 6 years ago
Polish is mostly right but the- radosnych godow is c**p I have never heard about and it's some kind of bs without research.
Julia Zar 6 years ago
It's Silesian and not used much today, maybe that's why you've never heard of it. "Radosny" of course means "happy" or "merry", and the "godów" part actually comes from an old pagan slavic tradition (celebrating the god of sun). "God" in that case meant a year, and so "gody" was a term for the period between the old year and a new one. And so, even after christianity came, folks still called christmas "Gody". Hence the phrase. Some sill use it, mostly old people, but it's definitely fading away. I only know it from my elders, and because i'm fascinated by this stuff :)
Load More Replies...
Alisa Cizmic 6 years ago
Where's is Bosnia and Herzegovina on the list? And yes, we usually say both Sretan Bozic and Srecan Bozic,depends (long story). But don't be afraid to put one independent country on the list,and on the map, make some corrections. Cheers and Happy Christmas.
George Digamma 6 years ago
Your linguistic research is definitely better than your geographical one. Merry Christmas to all, to all European languages. And peace on earth.
Jorge Duarte 5 years ago
In portuguese you can say also "Bom Natal" (similar with the italien "Buon Natale" ) that means "Good" instead of "Feliz" that means ""happy"...
Dawn K 6 years ago
Why isn't Netherlands on the list? For anyone interested, they say Merry Christmas like this -------> Vrolijk Kerstfeest
Linda Vlemmings 5 years ago
I don't think this is 100% accurate. I grew up with the Dutch catholic phrase "zalig kerstfeest". Whenever we said "vrolijk kerstfeest" we got commented on by my mother and aunt that's the expression for Easter (vrolijk pasen). On Christmas days we can also use the less religious phrase "fijne kerst". Or "fijne feestdagen" - a combined expression for Christmas and New Year's - which is more like "happy hollidays".
Load More Replies...
Camila Monteiro 6 years ago
In portuguese (Brazil) is Feliz Natal. I hate how my country never appears...
Bob Beltcher 6 years ago
Then this post has nothing to do with you since it's about Christmas.
Load More Replies...
Suluhu 6 years ago
It is still Christmas in many European countries. In the Netherlands for example we celebrate it on the 25th and the 26th.
Load More Replies...
Richard Wareham 6 years ago
The one for the UK is a joke. Everyone says Merry Christmas. Only 11% of Welsh people speak Welsh and just 1.1% of Scottish people speak Gaelic.
Sian Edwards 6 years ago
Even though we may not all speak Welsh, nearly all of us know or can attempt Nadolig Llawen. Even my Swedish family know what Nadolig Llawen means!
Load More Replies... kathryn stretton 6 years ago
I know I will get downvotes. Thus I probably be called the stupidest poster on panda. What a load of tish. Merry Christmas, and a Happy New Year !!!
Martha Meyer 6 years ago
You have a Christian minority, even if you like to pretend you don't.
Load More Replies...
TaranW 6 years ago
For Great Britain, I always thought it was "Happy Christmas." I heard that a lot when visiting as a kid, but that's been some years now. It could have been due to the area I was in, has it changed?
Violaine LB 6 years ago
Happy Christmas is definitely more common than Merry Christmas, I would agree and I live in the UK.
Load More Replies... Avital Pilpel 6 years ago
OK, not European but in Hebrew: "Hag Molad Same'ach", literally "holiday of birth happy" (the adjective is usually after the noun in Hebrew).
Astrid Nineor 6 years ago
I wonder what they all actually mean. We scandis are still heathens :p Jul is the old norse celebration. I wonder if any of the other greetings have a simikar background or if they all relate to the Christ part of Christmas?
Duska Radmanovic 6 years ago
In Serbian ''Hristos se rodi'' means ''Christ was born'' this is the first part of Christmas greeting, other person suppose to answer ''Vaistinu se rodi'' means ''He trully was born''.
Load More Replies... Oğuzhan Kahveci 6 years ago
Am i the only one wondering why do people in Algeria and Tunisia say 'more maps at jakubmarian.com' on christmas?
John Louis 6 years ago
How do you say Season's Greetings, Happy Holidays or I can't wait for this c**p to be over?
Marie Buin 6 years ago
In Norwegian it's; "God Høytid" or "Jeg kan ikke vente til denne dritten er ferdig"
Load More Replies... Angooo Kurv 6 years ago
Learning languages is fun, but I'd like to see more of lang included all over the world like there's so many interesting languages in asian and they also celebrate Christmas. So i wanted to add one more, in Indonesia we say "selamat natal" just so you know.
Gwyn Plaine 6 years ago
I'm freaking out, you included Wales! This just does not happen!!!!!!!!!!
Melinda Huszanagics 6 years ago
Writing from Hungary to refute the following argument: "However, in countries that spent most of the 20th century under Soviet control, suppression of religion prevented celebrating Christmas, which meant that Christmas celebrations were largely rebranded and merged with New Year’s Eve. As a result, many cultures as you go east celebrate New Year’s Eve more heavily than Christmas to this day, often mixing imagery from the two holidays." It's BOGUS! Where do you get these ideas from? "I love being reduced to a cultural stereotype." (Woody Allen, Annie Hall)
Monika Rhodes 6 years ago
Polish is mostly right but the- radosnych godow is c**p I have never heard about and it's some kind of bs without research.
Julia Zar 6 years ago
It's Silesian and not used much today, maybe that's why you've never heard of it. "Radosny" of course means "happy" or "merry", and the "godów" part actually comes from an old pagan slavic tradition (celebrating the god of sun). "God" in that case meant a year, and so "gody" was a term for the period between the old year and a new one. And so, even after christianity came, folks still called christmas "Gody". Hence the phrase. Some sill use it, mostly old people, but it's definitely fading away. I only know it from my elders, and because i'm fascinated by this stuff :)
Load More Replies... Alisa Cizmic 6 years ago
Where's is Bosnia and Herzegovina on the list? And yes, we usually say both Sretan Bozic and Srecan Bozic,depends (long story). But don't be afraid to put one independent country on the list,and on the map, make some corrections. Cheers and Happy Christmas.
George Digamma 6 years ago
Your linguistic research is definitely better than your geographical one. Merry Christmas to all, to all European languages. And peace on earth.
Jorge Duarte 5 years ago
In portuguese you can say also "Bom Natal" (similar with the italien "Buon Natale" ) that means "Good" instead of "Feliz" that means ""happy"...
Dawn K 6 years ago
Why isn't Netherlands on the list? For anyone interested, they say Merry Christmas like this -------> Vrolijk Kerstfeest
Linda Vlemmings 5 years ago
I don't think this is 100% accurate. I grew up with the Dutch catholic phrase "zalig kerstfeest". Whenever we said "vrolijk kerstfeest" we got commented on by my mother and aunt that's the expression for Easter (vrolijk pasen). On Christmas days we can also use the less religious phrase "fijne kerst". Or "fijne feestdagen" - a combined expression for Christmas and New Year's - which is more like "happy hollidays".
Load More Replies... Camila Monteiro 6 years ago
In portuguese (Brazil) is Feliz Natal. I hate how my country never appears...
Bob Beltcher 6 years ago
Then this post has nothing to do with you since it's about Christmas.
Load More Replies... Suluhu 6 years ago
It is still Christmas in many European countries. In the Netherlands for example we celebrate it on the 25th and the 26th.
Load More Replies... Richard Wareham 6 years ago
The one for the UK is a joke. Everyone says Merry Christmas. Only 11% of Welsh people speak Welsh and just 1.1% of Scottish people speak Gaelic.
Sian Edwards 6 years ago
Even though we may not all speak Welsh, nearly all of us know or can attempt Nadolig Llawen. Even my Swedish family know what Nadolig Llawen means!
Load More Replies... kathryn stretton 6 years ago
I know I will get downvotes. Thus I probably be called the stupidest poster on panda. What a load of tish. Merry Christmas, and a Happy New Year !!!
Martha Meyer 6 years ago
You have a Christian minority, even if you like to pretend you don't.
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