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If you’re planning to visit your relatives in Alabama, you might want to reschedule. Recently, scientists issued a warning to the locals: thousands of wasps are making the state home to what are called perennial yellow jacket nests. And they’re not something you’d feel comfortable standing next to.

Image credits: Charles Ray

The Alabama Cooperative Extension System warned of nests the size of a Volkswagen Beetle, with up to 15,000 wasps buzzing inside ― about four times the size of a normal nest. This isn’t the first time Alabama is becoming a set for a horror film. In 2006, experts located 90 perennial nests in the state, and entomologist Charles Ray said something like this can happen again in 2019.

Yellow jacket nest on a house

Image credits: Charles Ray

According to Mr. Ray, a warm winter is one of the factors that allow wasps to form these nests.  Most yellow jackets don’t survive the cold months because they freeze or starve to death.

“The queens are the only ones who have an antifreeze compound in their blood,” Mr. Ray said. “So normally, a surviving queen will have to start a colony from scratch in the spring. With our climate becoming warmer, there might be multiple surviving queens producing more than 20,000 eggs each.”

Yellow jacket nest filling a car

Image credits: Charles Ray

The picture gets even darker when you consider that yellow jackets are responsible for almost all of the stinging deaths in the United States. Unlike honey bees, yellow jackets can sting repeatedly and tend to attack in large numbers.

Image credits: Charles Ray

Mr. Ray thinks that Alabama may see a lot of these nests this year.

“We confirmed two nests in May and have indications of a third,” he said. “This puts us several weeks earlier than in 2006 when we identified the first giant nest on June 13.”

“If we are seeing them a month sooner than we did in 2006, I am very concerned that there will be a large number of them in the state. The nests I have seen this year already have more than 10,000 workers and are expanding rapidly.”

Image credits: Charles Ray

Yellow jacket nest in a discarded mattress

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Image credits: Charles Ray

“These perennial nests may be several feet wide and have many thousands of workers, far more than an average nest,” Mr. Ray said. “We have found them attached to home exteriors and other places you might not expect to find yellow jackets.”

However, some time ago, one nest in South Carolina was confirmed to have more 250,000 workers.

Above-ground yellow jacket nest

Image credits: Charles Ray

Mr. Ray has also a couple of tips for everyone who might stumble upon such a nest. “First and foremost, do not disturb the nest,” he said. “While these giant nests often appear less aggressive than smaller colonies, it is important that people do not disturb the nests.”

Also, Mr. Ray asked people to contact him so he can document the nest and collect insect specimens. People should contact him by email at raychah@aces.edu or at raychah@auburn.edu.

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Image credits: Matteo Sani

Yellow jacket queen

Image credits: Charles Ray

Yellow jacket workers

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Image credits: Charles Ray

Yellow jacket stinger in its sheath in the scanning electron microscope

Image credits: en.wikipedia.org

Image credits: Alabama Extension

Image credits: Berndt Petersen

People had a lot to say about these ‘super nests’

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